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澳洲, 奧地利, 加拿大, 捷克, 芬蘭, 愛爾蘭, 荷蘭, 新西蘭, 瑞士" e" y O: `4 W5 z$ w
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& O* C' f6 K0 [) C* ]) N! g& shttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-128111971 j. ~8 i4 n$ B
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22 March 2011 Last updated at 03:31 ET Share this pageFacebookTwitter ShareEmail Print Religion may become extinct in nine nations, study saysBy Jason Palmer& u3 x0 Z+ @& G
: Q9 ]9 E/ \$ Q% z% _) TScience and technology reporter, BBC News, Dallas
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8 l- @/ @/ [( W8 K* N! d$ BA study using census data from nine countries shows that religion there is set for extinction, say researchers.- F) C. `& t& w0 z# K* g+ ~
7 p2 ?/ ?7 F" B/ g! c8 Q/ QThe study found a steady rise in those claiming no religious affiliation.
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The team\'s mathematical model attempts to account for the interplay between the number of religious respondents and the social motives behind being one.
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& M4 |5 V* O' ?2 tThe result, reported at the American Physical Society meeting in Dallas, US, indicates that religion will all but die out altogether in those countries.# Q+ f: N1 c7 c7 K
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The team took census data stretching back as far as a century from countries in which the census queried religious affiliation: Australia, Austria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Switzerland.
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% k- X6 l) z( o" W2 kTheir means of analysing the data invokes what is known as nonlinear dynamics - a mathematical approach that has been used to explain a wide range of physical phenomena in which a number of factors play a part.
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One of the team, Daniel Abrams of Northwestern University, put forth a similar model in 2003 to put a numerical basis behind the decline of lesser-spoken world languages.
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At its heart is the competition between speakers of different languages, and the \"utility\" of speaking one instead of another.* ^! k! G5 H5 q# L
; ^% {7 P$ U. x, Z\"The idea is pretty simple,\" said Richard Wiener of the Research Corporation for Science Advancement, and the University of Arizona.
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\"It posits that social groups that have more members are going to be more attractive to join, and it posits that social groups have a social status or utility.
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\"For example in languages, there can be greater utility or status in speaking Spanish instead of [the dying language] Quechuan in Peru, and similarly there\'s some kind of status or utility in being a member of a religion or not.\"! s/ Q5 G; K+ M2 }$ [
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Dr Wiener continued: \"In a large number of modern secular democracies, there\'s been a trend that folk are identifying themselves as non-affiliated with religion; in the Netherlands the number was 40%, and the highest we saw was in the Czech Republic, where the number was 60%.\"5 N( ~! t! a9 U- P$ y
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The team then applied their nonlinear dynamics model, adjusting parameters for the relative social and utilitarian merits of membership of the \"non-religious\" category.
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$ z: Z% r; w" F% i: K: gThey found, in a study published online, that those parameters were similar across all the countries studied, suggesting that similar behaviour drives the mathematics in all of them.5 i9 K- ?$ s( P0 C
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And in all the countries, the indications were that religion was headed toward extinction.
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7 m z! H0 n$ t5 ?4 N/ D$ kHowever, Dr Wiener told the conference that the team was working to update the model with a \"network structure\" more representative of the one at work in the world.
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\"Obviously we don\'t really believe this is the network structure of a modern society, where each person is influenced equally by all the other people in society,\" he said.
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However, he told BBC News that he thought it was \"a suggestive result\".
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4 o( Y) q! r0 ]5 H2 @$ ]* x H\"It\'s interesting that a fairly simple model captures the data, and if those simple ideas are correct, it suggests where this might be going.+ _# ]8 D6 T5 f1 G" |! I* S/ b$ H
/ R% k$ p. d* y" y\"Obviously much more complicated things are going on with any one individual, but maybe a lot of that averages out.\" |
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