用英语表达围棋走法

billzhao · 发表于 2010-10-5 11:58

围棋传入西方主要是日本人的功绩，因此相当多的英文围棋术语实质上就是
日本围棋术语的音译。历史上的第一本英文围棋书，是美国人亚瑟·史密斯（Arthur Smith）自费出版的《围棋：日本国技》（The Game of Go: The National Game of Japan，1908）。此书中的围棋术语全是日文音译，加以英文注释。自1911年起，美国的围棋爱好者陆陆续续开始翻译一些日本的围棋文章和著作。当时西方的围棋市场很小，翻译成英文的日本围棋著作都没有正式出版。日本围棋著作英译本的正式出版发行是1960年代后期的事了。
美国的围棋先驱卡尔·戴维斯·鲁宾逊（Karl Davis Robinson,1884-1961）
与W.D.威特（W.D. Witt）曾在1937年讨论过有关日本围棋术语的英译问题。
威特预测，把日本围棋术语完全翻译为相应的英文可能需要50年到200年的
时间。鲁宾逊的意见是尽可能地使用日本围棋术语，而威特则希望为所有的
日本围棋术语找到合适的英文对应。
（以上摘自多九公“部分英文围棋术语”一文。）
这里，首先列出围棋走法的英文单词，以汉语拼音排序。但它们仍然不全，需要不断补充，也希望博友们帮助。今后，将逐步分类列出围棋英语术语。
B
扳 hane; 逼 checking extension; 并 stretch
C
长 nobi; 拆 extend; 刺 peep
D
打（叫吃）atari; 打入 uehikomi; 打劫 ko fight; 挡 block; 倒扑(倒包）snapback; 渡 bridge under; 顶 bump; 断 cut/cut in; 大飞 a large knight's move；点 placement
F
飞 a knight's move; 封 blockade; 分投 wariuchi
G
盖 cover/tsuke; 拐 bend; 挂 kakari; 滚包 squeezing tesuji
H
虎 tiger's mouth
J
夹 clamp; 尖 diagonal; 尖冲 shoulder hit; 接 connect
K
靠 attach
L
立 descent/sagari; 连 connect; 连扳 double hane/bane
N
扭断 cross cut
P
爬 crawl; 扑 throw in
S
双 bamboo joint; 双打 double atari

T
跳 jump; 脱先 tenuki; 退 pull back; 托角 touke（corner); 提 capture /take; 提劫 take the ko
W
挖 wedge/warikom; 围 contain
X
象步 elephant's move; 消劫 resolve the ko
Y
压 press
Z
粘 connect; 镇 capping play; 征 ladder/hat/cap; 做眼 make eyes

billzhao · 发表于 2010-10-5 12:10

Go is played on a board with pieces called "stones" in two colors, black and white. The board has a grid on it; usually 19×19, but 9×9 and 13×13 are sometimes used for teaching, and other sizes can be used as well.
Each player chooses a color (either black or white), and the players take turns placing stones of their color on the board. Stones are placed on the intersections of the grid, not in the spaces. Each turn a player places exactly one stone on the board. Traditionally, the player with the black stones moves first.

Once a stone has been placed, it is not moved, but it may be taken off of the board if it is captured

A "liberty" of a chain is an empty space sitting next to it. This is an important idea in go. For now, you can think of liberties as "breathing spaces" for a chain. For example, a single stone in the middle of the board has four liberties:

If that stone were on the side of the board, it would have only three liberties
A chain in go is captured when it has no liberties left.

Notice that White can never capture this group. Even if White surrounds the entire outside, Black still has two liberties (one for each eye). If White tries to fill in one of these liberties, the white stone will simply commit suicide. Since white can't fill both eyes at once, the black group will always live! A group that cannot be killed is called a "living group."

In a real game of go, the players score points at the end of the game and the best score wins.
There are two ways to keep score in Go; one counts captures as points (sometimes called Japanese counting), the other counts living stones as points (sometimes called Chinese counting). The two usually add up to the same score, and on the KGS Go Server you can play with either system. Here we'll count living stones as points.
In go, at the end of the game, you get one point for every living stone that you have on the board, plus one point for every space in one of your eyes. When both players pass, the game ends and you tally up the score.

Notice that either player can capture in the middle; on the other player's turn, they can capture right back! This would go on forever, so the "ko" rule was invented to make the players continue onward.
The ko rule says that you can never make a capture that brings the board right back to where it was before. This sounds confusing, but it's easy in practice. Basically, when you see a chance to capture one stone back and forth - you can't! Instead you have to play somewhere else. Then your opponent can either fill in the capture space (saving their stone). If your opponent doesn't do this, then you are free to capture the stone because the board has changed. After this, it is your opponent who has to play somewhere else.

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